METFORMIN THERAPY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A SIX-MONTH OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL, LIPID PROFILE, AND SAFETY

Abstract

A classic feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is persistent hyperglycemia brought on by declining insulin output and rising insulin resistance. Persistent hyperglycemia can cause major side effects including cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy, increased risk of infections and neuropathy. Glycaemic management has to be done right to prevent these problems. Usually advised as a first-line oral antihyperglycemic drug, metformin can improve insulin sensitivity, lower hepatic glucose production and help with weight control. This study evaluated in adults with T2DM how metformin changed the lipid profile, body weight, glycemic control and associated adverse effects. Two hundred people diagnosed people were given metformin, underwent six-month observational phase. Important metabolic markers including body weight, lipid profile, HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured at both baseline and six months into treatment. With p < 0.05, HbA1c and FBG levels were much lower; still, the results revealed amazing glycaemic control improvement. Moreover, metformin medication helped patients improve their lipid profile, which included lower levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and higher levels of HDL-C and help them lose a reasonable amount of weight. Though minor gastrointestinal issues like nausea and diarrhea were the most often mentioned side effect, no major adverse events were recorded. This trial confirmed the potency of metformin in improving glycaemic control and metabolic health while maintaining a positive safety profile, therefore supporting its status as a pillar drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.